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← All Files Library statsThis technical brief presents an open-sourced specification for Hempoxies, a fully bio-based vitrimer formulated for advanced composite applications. Authored by Marie-Soleil Seshat Landry of Landry Industries Inc. under the ORCID identifier 0009-0008-5027-3337, the document details a pre-experimental framework transitioning from technology readiness level TRL 1-2 toward a target TRL 9-10. The overarching design aims to achieve a tensile and flexural target modulus greater than 2.5 gigapascals while laying the groundwork for a minted reserve currency economic platform. The document outlines a comprehensive recipe and chemical components designed entirely from renewable Cannabis sativa coproducts and related bio-based sources.
The chemical recipe centers around epoxidized hempseed oil, designated as the bio-matrix, which is prepared through the in situ peroxyformic acid epoxidation of cold-pressed hempseed oil possessing an iodine value of approximately 150 grams of iodine per 100 grams. This serves as the primary polyepoxide backbone rich in linoleic and linolenic ester chains. Sebacic acid functions as the bio-curative, representing a castor-derived dicarboxylic acid crosslinker whose carboxyl groups undergo epoxy ring-opening to yield dynamic beta-hydroxy ester linkages. Furfuryl glycidyl ether acts as a reactive diluent derived from furan, serving to depress precursor viscosity, enhance oxirane density, and completely eliminate volatile organic compound emissions.
Additional chemical components include organosolv hemp lignin functioning as a compatibilizer to provide active hydroxyl and epoxide moieties that bind the hydrophobic epoxidized hempseed oil matrix with carbon fillers. Zinc acetylacetonate is incorporated as a transesterification catalyst to enable dynamic bond exchange at elevated temperatures exceeding the topology freezing temperature. Furthermore, a hierarchical hemp carbon reinforcement phase is integrated, featuring acid-hydrolyzed hemp hurd cellulose nanocrystals with an axial modulus of roughly 150 gigapascals, alongside pyrolytic biochar and nanosheets derived from exfoliated hemp bast carbon to provide structural integrity and thermal stabilization.
The stoichiometry and exact kinetic calculations section details epoxide equivalent weights, noting an epoxidized hempseed oil equivalent weight of approximately 258 grams per equivalent with a 6.2 percent oxirane content, and a furfuryl glycidyl ether equivalent weight of 154.2 grams per equivalent for pure monoglycidyl furan. The blended epoxide equivalent weight at an 85 to 15 oxirane molar ratio is approximately 235 grams per equivalent. The curative ratio is established at an oxirane to carboxyl ratio of 1.0 to 1.0, utilizing sebacic acid with a curative equivalent weight of 101.1 grams per equivalent and a molecular weight of 202.25 grams per mole, resulting in a stoichiometric mass of 43.0 grams of sebacic acid per 100 grams of resin blend. Catalyst loading utilizes 5.0 mole percent of zinc acetylacetonate relative to carboxyl equivalents to ensure a fast topology relaxation time of less than 100 seconds at 180 degrees Celsius, while nanofiller loadings incorporate 2.0 weight percent of cellulose nanocrystals and 3.0 weight percent of biochar nanosheets homogenized via high-shear microfluidization.
The principles of green organic chemistry are highlighted through atom economy and epoxidation processes that utilize in-situ peracetic or peroxyformic acid synthesis without halogenated reagents or organic solvent waste. The dynamic vitrimer network chemistry creates abundant beta-hydroxy ester linkages that permit zinc-catalyzed associative transesterification swaps at temperatures above the topology freezing temperature of approximately 150 degrees Celsius without losing network integrity. The system achieves 100 percent renewably sourced biomass by eliminating bisphenol A and toxic aromatic amines, while allowing closed-loop recyclability via catalytic glycol alcoholysis to recover carbon fillers and monoglyceride precursors intact.
Theoretical performance summaries indicate a tensile modulus greater than 2.5 gigapascals measured via ASTM D638 or dynamic mechanical analysis, a glass transition temperature ranging between 65 and 95 degrees Celsius measured via differential scanning calorimetry, and a topology freezing temperature between 150 and 180 degrees Celsius determined by rheometer measurements. The material demonstrates a healing efficiency greater than 85 percent following 30 minutes at 180 degrees Celsius via tensile recovery, and thermal stability with a five percent mass loss temperature greater than 310 degrees Celsius measured via thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen.
The document concludes by detailing market disruption visions, including scaling the material from early research hypotheses to commercial deployment in aerospace, automotive, and industrial composite sectors. It also introduces physical composite coins and bullion minted from carbon-negative grades to serve as a tradeable, asset-backed material reserve currency. Researchers, materials scientists, and composite engineers interested in sustainable polymers, bio-based vitrimers, and green chemistry will find this technical brief exceptionally useful for understanding cutting-edge renewable materials development.
Review the complete recipe and chemical components to understand the bio-matrix, bio-curative, and reinforcement phases. Analyze the stoichiometry and kinetic calculations section to replicate or adapt the exact mass ratios and catalyst loadings for laboratory experimentation. Consult the theoretical performance summary and green chemistry principles to evaluate potential applications in sustainable composite manufacturing.
| Filename | Hempoxies_Technical_Brief.pdf |
| Category | research |
| File Size | 200.5 KB |
| Format | |
| Uploaded | Nov 5, 2026 |
| Views (people) | 3 |
Epoxidized hempseed oil prepared via in situ peroxyformic acid epoxidation of cold-pressed hempseed oil.
Sebacic acid serves as a castor-derived dicarboxylic acid crosslinker whose carboxyl groups undergo epoxy ring-opening to yield dynamic beta-hydroxy ester linkages.
The target modulus is greater than 2.5 GPa.
Zinc acetylacetonate is used at a loading of 5.0 mol% relative to -COOH equivalents.
Marie-Soleil Seshat Landry of Landry Industries Inc.
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