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← All Files Library statsThis document, titled Hempoxies: A Fully Bio-Based Vitrimer Nanocomposite System, was authored by Marie-Soleil Seshat Landry of Landry Industries Inc. The research presents a comprehensive design, synthesis, and characterization framework for dynamic covalent networks aimed at recyclable high-performance applications. Conventional thermosets create an irreversible environmental liability due to their permanent covalent bonds, relying heavily on landfilling or incineration. In contrast, Hempoxies resolves this recyclability paradox by engineering a high-performance vitrimer entirely from industrial hemp, offering a fully bio-based covalent adaptable network with 95 to 100 percent carbon content.
The publication outlines the complete bio-composite formulation stack, which deconstructs the material layer by layer. The base matrix relies on epoxidized hempseed oil combined with furfuryl glycidyl ether for viscosity control. Layer two incorporates multi-scale hemp carbon for hierarchical mechanical and thermal enhancement, including biochar, cellulose nanocrystals, and carbonized fiber nanosheets. Layer three features epoxidized lignin as an interfacial bridge providing covalent integration between the filler and matrix. Finally, layer four uses sebacic acid and a zinc catalyst as the vitrimer engine, functioning as an ester former and dynamic exchange trigger.
The author details the controlled in situ epoxidation process that functionalizes polyunsaturated hempseed oil using formic acid and hydrogen peroxide via a Swern-type epoxidation. This creates an epoxide oxygen content between 5.8 and 7.2 percent. The document also addresses the historical lignin problem, where technical kraft lignin typically causes phase separation and mechanical embrittlement in conventional epoxies. By reacting lignin with epichlorohydrin, the Hempoxies solution generates oxirane-functional groups that eliminate weak interfaces and enhance fracture toughness.
The vitrimer engine operates through zinc-catalyzed transesterification, enabling topology reconfiguration under heat without degradation or loss of crosslink density. Arrhenius kinetics dictate a strict boundary between rigid service and viscous self-healing, defined by the topology freezing temperature. Below this temperature, exchange kinetics are slow and the network behaves as a rigid structural thermoset, while heating above 180 degrees Celsius unfreezes the network topology to enable autonomous self-healing and complete molding without degradation.
The work features comprehensive characterization matrices, employing spectroscopic verification, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal stability testing via TGA and DSC, and stress-relaxation rheometry. Semi-empirical modeling using the Halpin-Tsai equation projects aerospace-grade stiffness via nanoscale reinforcement, achieving a Young modulus of 1.8 to 2.8 gigapascals at low nanofiller loadings. Performance comparisons demonstrate that Hempoxies matches synthetic aerospace epoxies in strength and ultimate tensile strength while achieving over 85 percent healing efficiency and complete chemical recyclability.
Ultimately, this research establishes a closed-loop bio-composite lifecycle that shifts advanced manufacturing away from fossil-derived petroleum feedstocks. Industrial hemp cultivation fixes approximately 22 tonnes of carbon dioxide per hectare per year, offsetting processing energy and eliminating thermoset waste through thermal reprocessing. The iterative horizon for this framework involves formulation and catalyst optimization, accelerated aging and life cycle assessments, and scale-up from laboratory synthesis to pilot-scale production for commercial aerospace and automotive sectors.
Researchers, materials scientists, and sustainability engineers in the advanced manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace industries will find this document exceptionally useful. It offers a rigorous theoretical and experimental blueprint for replacing synthetic thermosets with a sustainable, high-performance, and infinitely reformable alternative derived entirely from Cannabis sativa L.
Readers can review this document to understand the chemical synthesis, formulation stack, and mechanical properties of bio-based vitrimers. Use the performance data and characterization methods as a reference for developing sustainable composite materials. The framework can guide industrial scale-up and lifecycle assessments for replacing petroleum-based epoxies in advanced manufacturing applications.
| Filename | Hempoxies Bio-Based Vitrimer System (2).pdf |
| Category | research |
| File Size | 17.1 MB |
| Format | |
| Uploaded | Nov 7, 2026 |
| Views (people) | 0 |
Hempoxies is a fully bio-based vitrimer nanocomposite system engineered entirely from industrial hemp, designed as a sustainable, recyclable alternative to conventional petroleum-derived thermosets.
The document was authored by Marie-Soleil Seshat Landry of Landry Industries Inc.
Hempoxies utilizes zinc-catalyzed transesterification within its dynamic covalent network, allowing associative exchanges that reconfigure topology under heat without losing crosslink density.
The Hempoxies system achieves a bio-based content of approximately 95 to 100 percent.
Reacting technical kraft lignin with epichlorohydrin generates oxirane-functional groups that covalently link carbon fillers to the matrix, eliminating weak interfaces and enhancing fracture toughness.
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